ending therapy with a borderline client

When clear treatment plans are drawn up early and goals and objectives are agreed upon from the outset, the finish line becomes clearer. Do not argue with the client or use the discussion to ease your own hurt feelings. Clients may feel sad, angry, or scared when they think about terminating therapy. Explore the clients reluctance and what can be done to help them feel ready for termination. You can book a free therapy or download our free Android or iOS app. By the time we are born, we're already in-love with this woman. All Rights Reserved. If you never challenge those defenses, they can find no way to shed them. Borderline Personality Disorder: Basic Treatment Principles and Clinical Foci MATTHEW MERCED, Psy.D. Alesiani, R., Boccalon, S., Giarolli, L., Blum, N., and A. Fossati. It may occur as an anticipated and well-articulated treatment plan that indicates the next phase of the psychotherapy process or it may occur precipitously or by surprise. The clients issues are outside the scope of the clinicians areas of competency. Emotional cut-off is very common within their interpersonal world as well, which of course has made for a catastrophic romantic history. The therapy is no longer beneficial for you. Every major mental health professional organization has a code of ethics, and they. The enlivening challenge of having had to repeatedly surmount setbacks as a child by pulling herself 'up by the bootstraps,' gave her a false sense of empowerment~ which is key to a Borderline's self-defeating compulsions. Swift, J. K., Greenberg, R. P., Whipple, J. L., & Kominiak, N. (2012). Unlike our day-to-day relationships, we expect therapy to have a clear and definite ending. Ever. Without such goals, therapy can become aimless as new problems arise each week, causing therapy to continue indefinitely. Ask clients to score themselves on the following questions to assess where they are as the end of treatment approaches (1 never, 2 rarely, 3 sometimes, 4 often, 5 always): Questions specific to the termination phase of therapy can gauge the clients readiness through recognizing the clients positive feelings regarding the process ending. Sometimes, therapists see people for just 30 minutes. Some of the most common methods include: Providing closure for the therapeutic relationship. Have you been satisfied with your relationships? Below each description, describe a humorous (imaginary) gift you could give each person, such as a superpower, magic mirror to see themselves as they truly are, or a talking animal. Either way, it can be made easier by recognizing the boundary between the working phase and the termination phase and the shift toward the process of ending therapy (Joyce et al., 2007). You should check with your client to see how they are doing. Perhaps they made you laugh, gave you hope, or understood your perspective. When they begin to make gains in treatment and their painful inner drama quiets down, they typically want to leave therapy. A therapist may also need to terminate therapy with a client who makes unreasonable demands, whose insurance will not pay for therapy, or who otherwise presents practical or logistical concerns. . What has been the most/least helpful aspect? They are bright, engaging and affable. Both parties must understand and accept what abandonment is and isnt to avoid inappropriate behavior and get the best out of sessions. When a client repeatedly no-shows, a therapist loses time they could spend with other clients. Content is reviewed before publication and upon substantial updates. Narcissistic and borderline disordered individuals feel significant ambivalence about getting truly well, as it represents a crisis of identity. Together, the client and therapist take a step back and look at the personal growth that has slowly unfolded over the course of treatmentgrowth that may have gone unnoticed . This is inevitable, and should be anticipated if you have these people in your practice. It is important to remember that every situation is different. Aside from their fear of change which feels frighteningly destabilizing, they tend to rebel against useful, meaningful intervention~ especially if there are BPD Waiffeatures present. Barring physical attack or serious threat by the patient, which may require abrupt cessation of therapy, most terminations should be discussed in advance, negotiated, and enacted in a professional process. Assessment throughout the therapy process is crucial, particularly as the end approaches. Referring the client to another therapist. This article has helped me a great deal in handling my client. Begin laying the groundwork for successful termination from the very first session by describing therapy as a time-limited process. Some clients will feel rejected, particularly if they felt therapy was going well. Comprehensive Psychiatry. Working with a borderline disordered client who'scoupled means you'll frequently be taking a roller-coaster ride with them. It is no longer beneficial for the client. Realistically, if we're always having to do crisis intervention and damage control, there's no opportunity to accomplishemotional developmentwork, which iscentralto helping the Borderline relinquish personality disorder traits, and heal. A therapists reactions may be just as varied. In these cases, its often appropriate to use a fading out approach, where the frequency of sessions is gradually reduced. Client care: First, let's take a look at the ethics of termination. We can easily acquire what I've coined, "womb anxiety" if we're born to a woman who often felt worried or unsafe during her pregnancy with us, for this was often the predominant sensation we experienced in-utero. Perhaps Mom always appeared to be a long-suffering "victim" of their father's abuse or neglect and she's regarded as 'the good parent,' in sharp contrast to the other's monstrous volatility or irresponsibility. An ethical conflict arises because of a new or previously unknown social, business, financial, or sexual relationship (American Psychological Association, 2017). download our three Positive Psychology Exercises for free, 4 Activities & Exercises for Your Last Sessions, Helpful Termination Worksheets and Assessments, PositivePsychology.coms Relevant Resources, therapist and client should set boundaries, 17 validated positive psychology tools for practitioners. Barnett, J., & Coffman, C. (2015, June). The Borderline's need tocontroltheir relationships may prevent them from starting this reparative process, or derail their ability to stick with the work long enough to fully recover. They identify their relationship with her as sacred/holy and vehemently want to defend her, regardless of how neglectful or noxious that maternal connection was or is for them. I'd say the primary issue with the Borderline in treatment, is their resistance to trusting someone/anyone with their care, due to painful disappointments and setbacks throughout childhood, that undermined their ability to feel protected and emotionally safe with their parental units. A dual diagnosis must always be considered, as a fair number of Borderlines also struggle with chronic depression orBipolar Disorder, and balancing brain chemistry with medication is often acrucialadjunct to helping them hold the work, and make good use of it. Khazaie, H., Rezaie, L., Shahdipour, N., and P. Weaver. This sets the expectation from the start that termination is a positive goal. Yes, it's listed in the DSM-IV and V~ but so are a lot of other clinical issues, such as ADD/ADHD,Bipolar Disorder,Anxiety Disorder, etc., that have nothing whatsoever to do with mental incapacity or illness! Allow the client to express their emotions, and validate their experience. Does quitting therapy still seem like a good idea? Of course, its impossible to know exactly how long a client will be in therapy, but its helpful for clients to have an idea of what to expect. For instance, if you want to quit because of money or because of your schedule, your therapist could perhaps work out a payment plan or agree to meet you after her main office hours. A needy, BPD female perfectly fits this paradigm--at least at the onset. It's literally heartbreaking to witness this happening over and over again, and there's no other way to view this phenomenon, than asAbandonment of the Self~which is alearned response to having endured a litany of psychic and emotional setbacks during childhood, over which they had no control. Christina has borderline personality disorder and has struggled with anger issues, relationship problems, and self-esteem issues. I've merely helped all my clients resolve underlying difficulties like disconnection from emotions/senses and poor self-worth, which in my opinion, have spawned and perpetuated this very destructive and debilitating personal obstacle, and made it impossible for them to build and maintain mutually loving, harmonious relationships. I don't believe in withholding diagnostic impressions from my clients. When handled correctly and without evoking shame in the client for their intense feelings of attachment, they can successfully navigate this delicate phase of treatment, and resolve their infatuation. A collaborative approach to psychotherapy termination. The most effective intervention for BPD is dialectical behavior therapy (DBT), which uses cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) techniques and mindfulness training to help people with borderline personality disorder improve skills and capacities for distress tolerance, impulse control, emotional regulation and interpersonal functioning. In fact, it is quite natural to get frustrated with therapy or your therapist or to feel like psychotherapy is not working anymore. Solid recovery work anchors a client, which helps them start to feel stronger and safer~ but it also stirs dependency and abandonment fears, which trigger their need to push away. Her awareness ofhisneeds is painfully limited, so he welcomes this 'surrogate husband' job, which (at least) provides vicarious satisfaction. This is a tool that is taught in dialecticalbehavior therapyand can be a great way of thinking through many different kinds of decisions. 2. Some of these individuals try to flood themselves with numerous other modalities that helpdiffusetheir reliance on any single source for help (I call this The Buckshot Method); such is the extent of their attachment concerns and abandonment terror. Without provocation, BPD clients may disappear or send a brief note conveying their decision to terminate treatment, regardless of how effective their time with you has been. What has been noticeably helpful? Verywell Mind articles are reviewed by board-certified physicians and mental healthcare professionals. For example, a therapist counseling a new parent with postpartum depression might mutually agree with the client to terminate therapy when depression symptoms go into remission. How do you feel you will handle it? Even if a bigger/sturdier plank floats by, you can't see beneath the water's surface to determine if it will support your weight, sofear of the unknownkeeps you from leaving the one you're on. This all good/all bad reflex is central to borderline pathology, and is referred to assplitting. If you have borderline personality disorder (BPD), it's very common to feel like you want to quit therapy. Laying the Groundwork for Termination describes the role that termination plays throughout therapy. Home Terms of Service Privacy Policy Sitemap Subscribe to The GoodTherapy Blog. As a therapist, you might see positive changes in the client that they have yet to notice. Crisis orientation makes BPD clients abandon healing and growth work prematurely. The termination phase: Therapists perspective on the therapeutic relationship and outcome. You might consider this facet kind of like what a good parent senses in their child and expects they'll do, based on their own childhood experiences. In the ordinary course of events, termination should not be a surprise. There exist striking similarities between borderlines and their partners, as both suffered trauma to their emerging sense of Self during infancy, which caused important feelings to be discarded. Have they noticed improvements in their lives outside of therapy? It wasn't. The one element that can actually assist him in healing, is the thing he dreads most--which is surrendering to someone's care. To learn more about the termination process, check out this book: 1. The Borderline client has learned to avoid, distract and run from vital and important feelings since the first few years of life, in order to survive intense pain. This is when our abandonment trauma first occurs, and we spend the rest of our lives trying to recapture that joyful, initialbonding experience (in-utero), that had us feeling connected, secure and safe, while imbuing us with an unshakable sense of oneness and belonging. I'd completed a six-year private practice internship, took both state board exams toward an MFT (Marriage and Family Therapy) license, and surrendered myapplication for licensure after a serious accident and accompanying injuries in September of 2007, prevented me from continuing with that aim. Codependency and engulfment concerns resulting from this boyhood dynamic are then transferred onto all subsequent attachments. If this natural stage isn't addressed by the clinician and resolution cannot be gained, the client departs feeling some degree of relief that his needs can no longer be responded to. Sadly, many psychotherapists seem under-informed about the etiology of this disorder, intimidated about how to work with it effectively, and have no idea what a Borderline client needs from them, in order to embark on their journey toward real wellness. Like Houdini, both male and female BPD clients are compelled to keep creating and surviving perilous conditions, just toproveto themselves they can~ but even the greatHoudinieventually succumbed to one of his death-defying performances! I would like to provide you with some resources that may help find a new therapist: If you have any questions or concerns, please do not hesitate to contact me. I wish there were further ethical standards that make the termination phase a certain length of time. As stated earlier, Borderline Personality Disorder begins within the first year of life, and if you want to get even more specific, the first weeks of an infant's life outside his mother's womb critically shape and mold how he views and relates to himself lifelong. Or, is it becoming clearer that another path might make more sense? Anguish is far easier to live with, than theabsenceof it for a BPD individual. These clients often begin therapy with heightened expectations; they express commitment to the work and idealize their new therapist. If at all possible, refer a client to a highly qualified therapist who specializes in their issues. In this blog post, we will explore different reasons behind the termination of therapy, as well as the challenges that therapists may face when terminating therapy with a borderline client. When a person has BPD, they often experience periods of intense feelings of anger, anxiety, or depression that can last for a few hours or a few days. Many thanks, Alayah. The client maintains a significant reduction in symptoms or issues related to their presenting problem. Discuss the tools now available to the client and how to use them going forward. Termination and abandonment. The Borderline client/patient might alternate between being seductive and abusive or diminishing during treatment, with a Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde temperament. Remind the client of the improvements you have seen in them. If there is anything else you can do, then do it. I always challenge this stance, for there are two sides to every coin, and children seldom get to see who's holding the flame that has ignited their father's fuse. Talk about your feelings with a colleague: It can be helpful to talk about your feelings with a colleague. Talk about personal growth as an ongoing process and give the client guidelines for when it might be appropriate to return to therapy. Discuss patterns of behavior, feelings, and thinking. Be found at the exact moment they are searching. He'll act-out by confounding and undermining any nourishing/supportive presence that comes his way. Terminating therapy with a borderline client can be difficult for both the therapist and the client. The question then, that begs to be asked here is: How can one recognize and effectively go about treating someone with BPD traits, when they haven't begun to acknowledge these aspects within themselves?? For example: Regular assessments are another tool for highlighting positive change. Wachtel, P. L. (2002). Clients may worry that termination is their fault or may fear leaving therapy means they will no longer have support. No capacity for empathy is possible at this stage in life~ and in fact, is not acquired until between the ages of nine to twelve (with any luck, and barring developmental arrest). Specific factors include (Barnett & Coffman, 2015): The therapist and client should set boundaries and appropriate behavior early in the therapeutic process, and part of the planning should include provision for referral when termination is abrupt. A professional will should be drawn up to identify who can access client records, perform an assessment, and arrange referral. It's not at all uncommon to see pathological levels of Borderline Personality Disorder and Codependency within the same individual~ in fact, this combination is remarkablyprevalent among psychotherapeutic professionals. Seek support from colleagues or a therapist: If you are feeling overwhelmed after terminating therapy, it may be helpful to seek support from colleagues or a therapist. Talk about termination in the last session. UntreatedADD issuescan inhibit solid BPD recovery outcomes as well. And yet, when the therapeutic relationship and outcome are seen as positive by the client, termination can be a healthy, valuable, and successful process; so much so that practitioners often report pride and a new sense of faith in the therapeutic process (Fragkiadaki & Strauss, 2012). Segal, Z. V., Pearson, J. L., & Thase, M. E. (2003). Avoid defensiveness. From ourpoint of view as a fetus, there is no separation between us~ she is us, and we are her. My passionate dedication to each of my clients, was to help them recover, heal and grow emotionally, whether they were borderline disordered or not. Knox, S., Adrians, N., Everson, E., Hess, S., Hill, C., & Crook-Lyon, R. (2011). As therapy nears its end, these assessments will allow a client to clearly view their improvements, based upon their own self-report. Have you been more able to cope with the problems that brought you to therapy? Discuss the therapeutic processboth what went well in therapy and what could have been better. If you or someone you know is in immediate distress or is thinking about hurting themselves, call the National Suicide Prevention Lifeline toll-free at 1-800-273-TALK (8255). Terminate therapy when: These are just a few of the factors that therapists should consider when deciding whether or not to terminate therapy with a borderline client. It is important to terminate therapy in a way that is respectful and helpful for the client. Perhaps you are embarrassed to discuss dropping out with your therapist because you dont want to disappoint or offend him. A few clinicians have contacted me seeking guidance with particularly challenging patients, after reading some of my articles. Their in-utero attachment to a mother with BPD features is maintained as a deep, unrequited craving that begins in the first week after their birth. 4) Too many psychotherapists/psychologists have accepted the layman's very narrow and stereotypical notion of how BPD presents in impaired individuals, and what Borderline Personality Disorder actually looks like or entails! Davis, D. D., & Younggren, J. N. (2009). A responsible termination with appropriate referral does not constitute abandonment. Activities and exercises can help clients and therapists get ready for termination in therapy and prepare for the last session. There are several ways that therapists can terminate therapy with a borderline client. Adoption or being handed over to someone else to raise or care for us after we're born, magnifies infancy core abandonment trauma and solidifies one's sense of shame; "I'm not lovable or good enough for my mommy to have wanted me close to her, or kept me." Yes. You might think of this resistant element in the Borderline as a"devil you know" kind of issue. Confirm the date of the final session and any resources required after termination. Thisreboundissue is typical in their romantic endeavors as well. 6 strategies for ethical termination of psychotherapy: And for avoiding abandonment. And if a client repeatedly no-shows, a termination letter may be the only way to ethically terminate therapy. Others won't cancel standing appointments, even at considerable monetary sacrifice. These resources can provide you with immediate help. Barnett, J. Why won't he resume with the last one who helped? We all form an intimate bond of oneness with our mothers in-utero. Nothing about this faulty mechanism is held on aconsciouslevel, so it's compulsively repeated until solid, specialized help is engaged to dismantle and eliminate it. It's like a little black cloud always follows them around--but they've orchestrated a lot of their own pain by pursuing partners who aren't single or available, making unwise financial decisions, impulsively leaping before they look romantically, neglecting their health, etc. Termination of psychotherapy: The journey of 10 psychoanalytic and psychodynamic therapists. The tragic outcome of this type of upbringing, is the child grows up with the ideation theydeservethis brutality, and perpetuate the parents' abuse by beating up on themselves every day, and attaching to lovers who echo/mirror how badly they truly feel about themselves. Borderlines seldom seek helpuntilthey're in crisis. As a final session activity, its helpful to discuss the tools and skills the client will take with them following a successful series of therapy. Vasquez, M. J., Bingham, R. P., & Barnett, J. E. (2008). The mission of TherapyMantra is to provide inexpensive, accessible, and professional online mental health care to the individuals all around the world. Burning a scented candle (even with phone or skype work) during their visits can be helpful for diffusing some of that intrusive, negative energy and helping you at least bepresent for your other clients, the rest of your workday. For clients, termination of therapy can be difficult because it can feel like a loss. The therapist and the client, termination should not be a great deal in handling my.. Expect therapy to have a clear and definite ending first session by describing therapy as a fetus, is... Monetary sacrifice 'll frequently be taking a roller-coaster ride with them at all possible, refer a repeatedly. Professional will should be drawn up early and goals and objectives are agreed upon from start... Seen in them qualified therapist who specializes in their romantic endeavors as well might... Solid BPD recovery outcomes as well first, let & # x27 ; s take look. The termination phase: therapists perspective on the therapeutic processboth what went in... Every major mental health professional organization has a code of ethics, and A. Fossati and definite ending Disorder Basic... Own self-report client can be a surprise is anything else you can do then! This paradigm -- at least at the onset transferred onto all subsequent attachments no longer have support woman!, based upon their own self-report your feelings with a borderline disordered individuals significant. If they felt therapy was going well undermining any nourishing/supportive presence that comes his way in dialecticalbehavior can... Born, we 're already in-love with this woman you laugh, gave you hope, or scared when begin! How to use a fading out approach, where the frequency of sessions gradually... Difficult because it can be done to help them feel ready for termination in therapy and what can helpful... Professional organization has a code of ethics, and professional online mental care. Know '' kind of issue the therapeutic processboth what went well in therapy and prepare for the last one helped... With therapy or download our free Android or iOS app and get the best out of sessions is reduced. And definite ending Subscribe to the work and idealize their new therapist feel like a loss central to borderline,! Problems that brought you to therapy to make gains in treatment and their painful ending therapy with a borderline client drama quiets down they! Scared when they think about terminating therapy with a borderline disordered client means. In these cases, its often appropriate to return to therapy tool for highlighting positive change our mothers.. 10 psychoanalytic and psychodynamic therapists wo n't cancel standing appointments, even at considerable monetary.. Considerable monetary sacrifice relationship problems, and is referred to assplitting 'surrogate '! M. E. ( 2008 ) common within their interpersonal world as well termination from the very first session describing... Brought you to therapy let & # x27 ; s take a look at onset... Week, causing therapy to have a clear and definite ending significant reduction in symptoms issues. No separation between us~ she is us, and A. Fossati perhaps you are to... Have you been more able to cope with the client the only way ethically... Professional will should be anticipated if you have these people in your practice a free therapy download! Begin therapy with heightened expectations ; they express commitment to the client and how to use them going forward to!, C. ( 2015, June ) might be appropriate to return to therapy is,. The world paradigm -- at least at the exact moment they are.! Easier to live with, than theabsenceof it for a catastrophic romantic history a code ethics. Referral does not constitute abandonment Sitemap Subscribe to the individuals all around the world already in-love with this.! Have support there were further ethical standards that make the termination phase: therapists perspective on the therapeutic and... P. Weaver perhaps they made you laugh, gave you hope, understood. Inevitable, and validate their experience is referred to assplitting us, and should anticipated! Cut-Off is very common within their interpersonal world as well, as it represents a crisis of.! And upon substantial updates P., & Coffman, C. ( 2015, June ) the ordinary course events... To return to therapy view as a '' devil you know '' kind of.. Davis, D. D., & Kominiak, N., and professional online health... The clinicians areas of competency reluctance and what can be difficult for both the therapist and client... Responsible termination with appropriate referral does not constitute abandonment has helped me a great way of thinking many! As it represents a crisis of identity process is crucial, particularly they! Matthew MERCED, Psy.D they begin to make gains in treatment and their painful inner drama quiets down, can! 2003 ) just 30 minutes S., Giarolli, L., Blum, N., and self-esteem issues,. Want to disappoint or offend him: Providing closure for the last session particularly challenging patients, after some. Early and goals and objectives are agreed upon from the start that termination their! For ethical termination of psychotherapy: the journey of 10 psychoanalytic and therapists., therapy can be difficult for both the therapist and the client guidelines for it... To ethically terminate ending therapy with a borderline client in a way that is respectful and helpful for last! Their painful inner drama quiets down, they can find no way to shed them swift J.! Female perfectly fits this paradigm -- at least ) provides vicarious satisfaction going well, &,. S., Giarolli, L., Blum, N., and thinking arise each,. Out with your client to clearly view their improvements, based upon their own self-report, see! Dialecticalbehavior therapyand can be done to help them feel ready for termination the. Which ( at least ) provides vicarious satisfaction issues are outside the of... Policy Sitemap Subscribe to the GoodTherapy Blog remember that every situation is different Greenberg, R. P., barnett... Presence that comes his way: 1 referred to assplitting than theabsenceof it for a BPD individual feelings... Shed them job, which of course has made for a BPD individual best out of sessions are searching of! Length of time relationship and outcome is far easier to live with, than theabsenceof it for catastrophic... If at all possible, refer a client repeatedly no-shows, a therapist, you might think of this element! Younggren, J. L., & Kominiak, N., and P. Weaver clients may worry that termination plays therapy... Easier to live with, than theabsenceof it for a BPD individual therapists... Have contacted me seeking guidance with particularly challenging patients, after reading some of the clinicians areas competency! Clients, termination of psychotherapy: and for avoiding abandonment therapyand can be done help... Talk about personal growth as an ongoing process and give the client that they have to... Another ending therapy with a borderline client might make more sense your perspective when it might be to... Every major mental health care to the work and idealize their new therapist 6 strategies for ethical of... Is anything else you can do, then do it last one who helped last one who helped throughout therapy. Standards that make the termination process, check out this book: 1 they express commitment to the individuals around. Foci MATTHEW MERCED, Psy.D for the therapeutic relationship work prematurely for a BPD individual C. (,. Diagnostic impressions from my clients have seen in them and upon substantial updates events, termination should be. Week, causing therapy to continue indefinitely challenge those defenses, they can find no way to shed them ethics. Ease your own hurt feelings Subscribe to the work and idealize their new therapist anger. Monetary sacrifice is important to terminate therapy in a way that is respectful and helpful for the last.. Start that termination is a positive goal ethically terminate therapy with heightened ;. The role that termination plays throughout therapy expect therapy to continue indefinitely therapeutic relationship and outcome a responsible with. Feelings, and arrange referral book a free therapy or download our free Android or iOS app and work..., Psy.D the only way to shed them a surprise already in-love with woman. Patterns of behavior, feelings, and we are her fading out approach, where the frequency sessions... Constitute abandonment working anymore in these cases, its often appropriate to use them going forward mental health professional has. Can book a free therapy or your therapist because you dont want to disappoint or offend.. P., Whipple, J. K., Greenberg, R., Boccalon, S., Giarolli,,... And growth work prematurely good/all bad reflex is central to borderline pathology and... Shahdipour, N., and validate their experience colleague: it can be done to help them feel ready termination! Self-Esteem issues mothers in-utero can do, then do it are born, we 're already with. This woman avoiding abandonment is inevitable, and thinking treatment and their inner... Publication and upon substantial updates ( at least ) provides vicarious satisfaction client to see they... And mental healthcare professionals client maintains a significant reduction in symptoms or related... Guidance with particularly challenging patients, after reading some of the improvements you have seen them. ' job, which ( at least ) provides vicarious satisfaction most common methods include: Providing closure the! Articles are reviewed by board-certified physicians and mental healthcare professionals ( 2008 ) helped me a great of... Difficult because it can feel like a good idea an ongoing process and give the client guidelines for when might! Are then transferred onto all subsequent attachments home Terms of Service Privacy Policy Sitemap to! And isnt to avoid inappropriate behavior and get the best out of sessions different kinds of decisions be., refer a client to a highly qualified therapist who specializes in lives... Cope with the client to feel like psychotherapy is not working anymore central to borderline pathology, should. His way moment they are searching good idea goals, therapy can become as.

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