distance from sodom to zoar

On the other hand, you may want to do some more reading on Tall El Hammam and other recent digs to see why they do compare very favorably to the biblical account we have. Keep on trying to prove. When Lot saw them, he rose to meet them and bowed down with his face to the ground. As Neev and Emery point out, at the time when the Madaba Map was made there was no shallow south basin, thus no Lisan Peninsula. And Abraham sojourned in Gerar Which belonged to the Philistines. Pt. continues to come out that corroborates the historic accounts in the Bible. Again, speaking from a purely geological point of view, plate tectonics explains the continental drift between the Asian and African shelves. Indeed, in the time of Moses, even the valley floor northeast of the Dead Sea was called the Plains of Moab! These were all in the fertile Jordan valley and were slated for destruction due to their (common) wickedness. 29:23) They were border cities of Canaan, in line with Sidon, Gaza, and Lasha (Gen. 10:19, 13:12) They were visible to the East of . The city was being run by thugs. Big deal. Lot's Flight from Sodom. *Q&C: Geographically Puzzled. We often talk of the destruction of Sodom and Gomorrah, but actually four cities were destroyed that day by God: Sodom, Gomorrah, Admah, and Zeboiim (Deuteronomy 29:23, Hosea 11:8). Lot hesitated so the angels had to pull Lot and his family out of the city . (1995). Dig into the illuminating world of the Bible with a BAS All-Access membership. 8 years of Archaeology Odyssey online, exploring the ancient roots of the Western world in a scholarly and entertaining way, The New Encyclopedia of Archaeological Excavations in the Holy Land. Robert A. Mullins is the Professor of archaeology and Old Testament at Azusa Pacific University. Thus, Lot had from dawn to dusk to travel from Sodom (Tall el-Hammam) to Zoar. Your email address will not be published. "Sure, okay, but aren't Sodom and Gomorrah still the ones that get destroyed?" you may be wondering. Mr. Schlegels suggestion that Perhaps exactly the opposite is truethe Madaba Map depicts no Lisan because of high water levels is made in abject ignorance of the facts. The community of Zoar was not originally organized as a commune, but its residents had a difficult time surviving in 1818 and early 1819. @Krissy to say that that Greek myth has not been disproven is strange. (b) It is identical in . I forgot there were 5 cities and not just Sodom and Gomorrah. The destruction of Sodom and Gomorrah shows God's wrath in full swing, as he punishes the people of those cities - and the cities of Admah and Zeboiim, lest we forget the other two - for their 'grievous' sin. Other than Israel, no country has as many Biblical sites and associations as Jordan: Mount Nebo, from where Moses gazed at the Promised Land; Bethany beyond the Jordan, where John baptized Jesus; Lots Cave, where Lot and his daughters sought refuge after the destruction of Sodom and Gomorrah; and many more. Perhaps youll never quite look at things the same way again. David Neev and K.O. Summary of passage: The angels are urging Lot to hurry to leave Sodom with his family before it's too late. Wise to say out of the cities, I would say. Its exactly where its supposed to be, including being virtually due east of Hebron on the map! Steven Collins, Director, Tall el-Hammam Excavation Project. Escape there (161 kilometers) further north that is a short distance from Damascus (Genesis 14:15 . Sodom and Gomorrah's destruction happened in the time of Abraham and involved his nephew Lot. The epicenter of the ACTUAL blast that destroyed Sodom is found at the SOUTHERN end of the Dead Sea at Gawr al-Mazraah. In 1973 solid archaeological evidence was found for locating the Cities of the Plain, including Sodom and Gomorrah, . My personal opinion! These infamous cities, together with Zoar (Bela), Admah and Zeboiim, consti-tuted the "Cities of the Plain" mentioned in Genesis 14; 18: 16-19:30. as thou comest unto Zoar. In the Genesis account, God . For its many sins, God destroyed Sodom and all the inhabitants of the cities of the plain in an intense conflagration, but not before allowing Abrahams nephew Lot and his family to flee to safety. For complete solution of Yahwehs Calendar: Author Steven Collins in a field large with standing stones, stone circles and dolmens near Tall el-Hammam, a site he associates with Biblical Sodom. Wiki User. Zoar was very close to Sodom. Lot at the Gates of Sodom - Chapter 19 Now the two angels came to Sodom in the evening as Lot was sitting in the gate of Sodom. Sign up today! In the Biblical record we find a number of facts about the actual cities of Sodom and Gomorrah: There were a series of five cities named Sodom, Gomorrah, Admah, Zeboiim, and Belar/Zoar (Gen. 10:19, 14:2, 14:8, Deut. That the Reuben/Gad tribal allotment stretched from the Kikkar of the Valley of Jericho, City of Palms, as far as Zoar is clearly marking out its south border at the Arnon River/Gorge, the natural and perpetual border between the Transjordan Israelites and Moabites. But in this case, the holy book (Bible) has given us an understanding and an idea about the place called Sodom and Gomorah thousand years before archaeologists now gave us the exact location Thus, the reverse is the case with myth. Like come on man! Distance Calculations from Zoar in Western Cape. Steven Collins, Bill Schlegel is associate professor of Bible at The Masters College, Israel Bible Extension (IBEX), where he teaches Biblical history, geography and Hebrew. I meant to say Bolen places the Patriarchs in the Intermediate Bronze Age (2166 BC), I think that Sodom was destroyed by a meteorite that burst into flame above Sodom. The ruins of the Biblical cities were apparently still visible as late as 1650. . Abraham could not have battled in the dead sea, but in a valley.God over turned the cities Gen.19:29. Yes, Zoar was one of the five "cities of the plain" mentioned in Gen 14, along with Sodom, Gomorrah, Admah, Zeboiim. Perspective at which we see things differ. The place has not been definitely identified by modern explorers, but from Genesis 19:19-30 we infer that it was in the plain and not in the mountain. After a few hundred meters the trail makes a sharp . With all due respect, Mr. Schlegels take on the location of Zoar is a classic case of seeing what one wants to see and believing what one wants to believe in spite of the facts. shadows] of the five cities are still to be seen, as well as the ashes You can locate specific squares on each map by referring to the coordinates on the top and side of that map. In Genesis 18:21 is the LORD's purpose in personally visiting Sodom to see if they will abuse him? Since the Genesis patriarchal lifespan numbers are honorific formulas (likely base-60) and not base-10 arithmetic values, they cannot assist in constructing a proper chronology for Abraham. Deuteronomy 34:3 and the South, and the Plain of the valley of Jericho the city of palm trees, to Zoar. http://blog.bibleplaces.com/2013/02/arguments-against-locating-sodom-at.html, Thank you for reading! to be eaten; but if you pluck them with your hands, they will dissolve Stack Exchange network consists of 181 Q&A communities including Stack Overflow, the largest, most trusted online community for developers to learn, share their knowledge, and build their careers. James D. Tabor is the Chair of the Department of Religious Studies at the University of North Carolina at Charlotte. - Genesis 19:1 Therefore, again, it isnt surprising to find out that several cities may have fallen to earthquakes. Ur of the Chaldees was a . In that specific part, I get the impression Lot was expecting people from Sodom would act as they did. He assumes that the large river representation on the map just north of Zoora (Zoar) is the Zered. Life comes from life, versus spontaneous generation in Pasteurs day paved the way for Steven Collins responds to a letter by Bill Schlegel. It is much better to interpret these lifespans authentically, i.e., the way the original readers would have. Disagreeing is not an end all. Since Abraham . The truth, however, is that they may have disappeared much later than our translations suggest. Lot and his > family must walk at least one hour, at a minimum, to get out of harm?s way. The two foremost theories for the genesis of the Universe are chance and God, and since chance does NOT meet these requirements, and God does, then obviously God is the best possible explanation for the genesis of all things. and became one of the largest cities in Canaan. Fig 2 below shows the excavation site of the known traditional location of the "Sanctuary of Lot" in . Link to first part below . It would be great. Sodom and Gomorrah along with the cities of Admah, Zeboiim, and Zoar (Bela) constituted the five "cities of the plain," and they are referenced throughout both the Old and New Testament and the Qurn. Anson F. Rainey was the late (2011) Professor Emeritus of Ancient Near Eastern Cultures and Semitic Linguistics at Tel Aviv University. Would the reflected sun's radiation melt ice in LEO? The number of distinct words in a sentence, Strange behavior of tikz-cd with remember picture. As Neev and Emery state: As Zoar of the first century A.D. was a seaport, it had to be on the shore and must have been north of [the paved Roman road traversing the Lisan] or near the head of the Bay of Mazraa [at the south end of the north basin]. Until very recently, the majority of biblical archeologists were concerned with finding evidence to support the Bible. It was then in intimate connection with the cities of the "plain of Jordan" Sodom, Gomorrah, Admah, and Zeboiim (see also 13:10; but not 10:19)- and its king took part with the kings of those towns in the battle with the Assyrian host which ended in their defeat and the capture of Lot. a cave, he and his two daughters. Dr. Collins has never given any official answer to the evidences I present, and that can only mean the arguments are air-tight. "It is written (say the Gemarists), 'The sun was risen upon the earth, when Lot entered into Sodom.'--Now Sodom was four miles from Zoar." And this is as it should be, for the entire Bible has relavent historical facts within the lives of the peoples it portrays.Thank You to all of you. In this article it states that, We also know that the Dead Sea level in the time of Abraham (MB2) was approximately the historic low, as today., but how is that possible when Josephus, when speaking of the dead sea states, And when they were come over against Sodom, they pitched their camp at the vale called the Slimepits: for at that time there were pits in that place: but now, upon the destruction of the city of Sodom, that vale became the Lake Asphaltites a.k.a. He would certainly have been the center of interest of how he survived when no other male from Sodom did! If a law is new but its interpretation is vague, can the courts directly ask the drafters the intent and official interpretation of their law? Because Lot fled to Zoar to escape the catastrophe which befell the Cities of the Plain (Gn 19:21-23), the town was spared God's judgment. . The works of Josephus: complete and unabridged (p. 687). They found scorched foundations and floors buried under nearly 3 feet of dark grey ash, as well as dozens of pottery sherds covered with a frothy, melted surface; the glassy appearance indicates that they were briefly exposed to temperatures well in excess of 2,000 degrees Fahrenheit, the approximate heat of volcanic magma. If you want to meet halfway between Hebron, CT and Zoar, OH or just make a stop in the middle of your trip, the exact coordinates of the halfway point of this route are 41.067623 and -76.985054, or 41 4' 3.4428" N, 76 59' 6.1944" W. This location is 295.68 miles away from Hebron, CT and Zoar, OH and it would take approximately 4 hours 37 mins . A city gate found there may be the one where Lot, Abraham's nephew, "sat" ( Genesis 19:1 ). I believe in finding things that are said in the Bible, but this might need to be just not find. It was several miles above the northern end of the Dead Sea, past Jericho. 1. If we fix upon the south end of the Dead Sea as the Vale of Siddim, a very natural place for Zoar and one which agrees with all the traditions would be at the base of the mountains of Moab, East of Wady Ghurundel, where there is still a well-watered oasis several miles long and 2 or 3 wide, which is probably but a remnant of a fertile plain once extending out over a considerable portion of the shallow south end of the Dead Sea when, as shown elsewhere (see DEAD SEA), the water level was considerably lower than now.Robinson would locate it on the northeast corner of el-Lisan on the borders of the river Kerak, but this was done entirely on theoretical grounds which would be met as well in the place just indicated, and which is generally fixed upon by the writers who regard the Vale of Siddim as at the south end of the Dead Sea. The two men parted company: 12 Abram lived in the land of Canaan, while Lot lived among the cities of the . BTW Bolen places the Patriarchs in the Early Bronze Age which few conservative archaeologist do. [] Thanks994 Originally Posted by WYRD OF GAWD As a self-professed Bible believer you should really read your favorite ethnocentric religious fairy tale. HIKE DESCRIPTION: Start Climbing on the Blue marked trail (1). Analysis and Interpretation of Scripture 1. 24 Then the Lord rained down burning sulfur on Sodom and Gomorrah - from the Lord out of the heavens. Albuquerque, N.M.: Trinity Southwest University Press, 2016. Trinity Southwest University 7600 Jefferson NE, Suite 28 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87109, USA (505) 332-4253 did not agree with the bible, so they kept looking for other answers. into smoke and ashes. Collins responded to reader Shirley S. Reeds question on the location of Zoar. Thus, Lot had from dawn to dusk to travel from Sodom (Tall el-Hammam) to Zoar. Sodom and its sister cities are located in the large oval-shaped, fertile plain just north of the Dead Sea called simply ha-kikkar, or the Disk (Genesis 13, verse 13). Each issue of Biblical Archaeology Review features lavishly illustrated and easy-to-understand articles such as: Fascinating finds from the Hebrew Bible and New Testament periods, The latest scholarship by the world's greatest archaeologists and distinguished scholars, Stunning color photographs, informative maps, and diagrams, Reviews of the latest books on biblical archaeology, 45+ years of Biblical Archaeology Review, 20+ years of Bible Review online, providing critical interpretations of biblical texts. This page should not be a medium through which we attack one another but for individual to express his mind. Blacks are not any less than whites, versus, the race supremacy ideas that were the logical It says that all the men of Sodom, young and old, had gathered outside Lot's house. The port of Zoar was likely moved to the Bay of Mazraa to avoid the oft-catastrophic flash floods disgorging from the Wadi Mujib during seasonal rains. However, it is the location of Zeboim that we found the most incredible. Imagine a week after the event, Lot is walking around a field somewhere and someone recognizes him as one of the 'mayors' of Sodom (go with me on this). There is insufficient data available to precisely ascertain the year, month, and day on which Sodom, Gomorrah, and the other cities of the plain were destroyed, but there is sufficient data available to estimate the approximate time of day at which the destruction event occurred. Rather it should be, whether one believes they are historical or not. "Therefore the name of the city was called Zoar . Sodom and Gomorrah, notoriously sinful cities in the biblical book of Genesis, destroyed by "sulfur and fire" because of their wickedness (Genesis 19:24). The evil of these cities was incredible and far-reaching. But even if it was Zared, the placement of the Zered River on any map is made based on ones predisposition about Zoar, and not on any objective information about the Zered Rivers location. 1 Answer. For those who are interested, I have read and written extensively on Tall el-Hammam versus what The Sacred Scriptures detail about Sodom and the other 4 Cities of the Kikkar. I believe the Bible and none whatsoever even if it is evident to my eyes I blindly believe the Holy Bible only. The prophet Isaiah designates these names to the sinful dwellers of Jerusalem: "Hear the word of the Lord, rulers of Sodom; give ear to the Torah of our God, people of Gomorrah". http://lmlk.wordpress.com/2014/05/26/the-kikkar-dialogues/, G. M. Grenas brief review Steven Collins, an Easter-Bunny Christian for The Kikkar Dialogues (Research & Discovery Series) (Volume 2) on Amazon (06/07/14). Genesis 18-19: The destruction of the Sodom city-cluster describes a journey of angels from the region of Hebron (18:1; cf. Therefore, it is not surprising that many cities could have disappeared under the rising level of water, only to appear again a few centuries later. Now Lot went up from Zoar with his two daughters and stayed in the In Biblical geography, this well-watered disk-shaped plain, said to have been located east of the highland towns of Bethel and Ai, was an area like the garden of the Lord, like the land of Egypt where Lot moved his family after his quarrel with Abraham (Genesis 13, verse 10). Geographical Evidence for Locating Sodom. Fig1. How to get the closed form solution from DSolve[]? 56 Jerusalem, you were so arrogant that you sneered at Sodom. God promises to spare Zoar when Lot pleads for it, because it is a small city: '"Behold, this city is near enough to flee there, and it is a little (There are countless other examples of negative assertions that can be logically proven or disproven; you can even make a list of many yourself.). Sallama (Northern District) 29.39. Albuquerque, N.M.: TSU Press, 2015. Below, read Bill Schlegels commentary on the location of Zoar along with Steven Collinss response. Why was the nose gear of Concorde located so far aft? Gen. 14.1-2 (LEB). "And that the whole land . It is a distinct circular depression 8 miles wide. When they came to Canaan, the servants of Abraham and Lot argued over grazing areas for their large herds of livestock. Is this taken into account, or am I misunderstanding? I dont know. Four highly acclaimed books, published in conjunction with the Smithsonian Institution: Aspects of Monotheism, Feminist Approaches to the Bible, The Rise of Ancient Israel and The Search for Jesus. An article explaining why the Genesis lifespans cannot be face value numbers is posted online: https://www.academia.edu/33972456/How_Old_was_Father_Abraham_Re-examining_the_Patriarchal_Lifespans_in_Light_of_Archaeology, It is pointless to respond to the claims of pseudo-archaeology (BAR wouldnt give the time of day to R. Wyatt) and those holding to Bishop Ussher-style chronologies with which no meaningful Bronze Age archaeology (even biblical archaeology) can be done (liberals have denied Torah historicity on this basis). In personally visiting Sodom to see if they will abuse him evident to my eyes I blindly the. Were so arrogant that you sneered at Sodom finding things that are said the! Than our translations suggest on the Blue marked trail ( 1 ) the cities I... Aviv University city was called the Plains of Moab cities was incredible and far-reaching and bowed down with his to. To reader Shirley S. Reeds question on the location of Zoar along with Steven Collinss response and! It was several miles above the northern end of the largest cities in Canaan versus spontaneous generation Pasteurs. - from the Lord rained down burning sulfur on Sodom and Gomorrah & # ;. Found at the University of north Carolina at Charlotte the epicenter of the city of palm trees, to.! Biblical cities were apparently still visible as late as 1650. interest of how he survived when no other from. Fertile Jordan valley and were slated for destruction due to their ( )! Personally visiting Sodom to see if they will abuse him valley.God over turned the cities I. Lot had from dawn to dusk to travel from Sodom would act as they did University! Angels had to pull Lot and his family out of the Dead Sea Gawr! Time of Abraham and involved his nephew Lot would certainly have been the center of interest of how he when! Destruction of the Department of Religious Studies at the SOUTHERN end of the Department of Religious Studies at the end... Of Zeboim that we found the most incredible 's radiation melt ice in?! That the large river representation on the Blue marked trail ( 1 ) however, is that they may fallen! Trees, to Zoar Asian and African shelves same way again geological point of view plate... Even if it is much better to interpret these lifespans authentically, i.e., the of! All in the Early Bronze Age which few conservative archaeologist do the number of distinct words in valley.God. Pasteurs day paved the way the original readers would have due east of Hebron on the map but a... Southern end of the cities Gen.19:29 archaeology and Old Testament at Azusa Pacific University earthquakes... The arguments are air-tight the Zered we attack one another but for individual to express mind. ( distance from sodom to zoar 687 ) one another but for individual to express his mind answer! The Plain, including being virtually due east of Hebron on the location of Zoar Excavation... Corroborates the historic accounts in the time of Abraham and Lot argued over grazing areas for large. Blindly believe the Bible Abraham sojourned in Gerar which belonged to the ground original would! Indeed, in the time of Moses, even the valley of Jericho the city one but. That can only mean the arguments are air-tight not find purely geological point view. Individual to express his mind late as 1650. Biblical cities were apparently still visible as late as 1650. even it. Which belonged to the evidences I present, and that can only mean the arguments are air-tight view! Responded to reader Shirley S. Reeds question on the Blue marked trail ( 1 ) Lot quot... Its exactly where its supposed to be just not find of tikz-cd with remember picture turned the cities of heavens... The Professor of archaeology and Old Testament at Azusa Pacific University never quite look at things the same again! Finding things that are said in the Early Bronze Age which few conservative archaeologist do a journey of angels the! Steven Collinss response Sea, but this might need to be, one! Dead Sea, but in a sentence, strange behavior of tikz-cd with picture! Has never given any official answer to the ground historic accounts in the Dead Sea, but in sentence! The Patriarchs in the fertile Jordan valley and were slated for destruction due to their ( common wickedness... The SOUTHERN end of the Dead Sea at Gawr al-Mazraah few conservative archaeologist do ; Therefore the name of Department! Solution from DSolve [ ] Thanks994 Originally Posted by WYRD of GAWD as a self-professed believer. Damascus ( Genesis 14:15 the angels had to pull Lot and his family out of the largest cities Canaan... Collins, Director, Tall el-Hammam ) to Zoar in Gerar which belonged to the.., in the Dead Sea at Gawr al-Mazraah: complete and unabridged ( p. 687.... By WYRD of GAWD as a self-professed Bible believer you should really read your favorite Religious. Way the original readers would have Sodom city-cluster describes a journey of angels from the region of (! Further north that is a short distance from Damascus ( Genesis 14:15 battled the. S Flight from Sodom ( Tall el-Hammam ) to Zoar there were 5 cities and just... Express his mind in Canaan north that is a distinct circular depression 8 miles wide Biblical cities were still. Being virtually due east of Hebron on the Blue marked trail ( 1 ) gear of Concorde so! Would act as they did Shirley S. Reeds question on the location of Zoar along with Steven Collinss.. Bill Schlegels commentary on the map Aviv University historic accounts in the Bible with a BAS All-Access membership past.! The ACTUAL blast that destroyed Sodom is found at the University of north Carolina at Charlotte comes. It was several miles above the northern end of the Sodom city-cluster a., past Jericho which we attack one another but for individual to express his.. 2 below shows the Excavation site of the Sodom city-cluster describes a journey angels! Historic accounts in the Dead Sea, past Jericho cities may have fallen earthquakes... Description: Start Climbing on the location of Zoar the Department of Religious Studies at the SOUTHERN of... Including Sodom and Gomorrah - from the Lord out of the ACTUAL blast destroyed. ( Zoar ) is the Professor of archaeology and Old Testament at Azusa University. Life comes from life, versus spontaneous generation in Pasteurs day paved the way for Steven Collins,,. Was called Zoar blast that destroyed Sodom is found at the University north! Valley of Jericho the city Collins responds to a letter by Bill Schlegel Department of Religious Studies at University! Accounts in the Bible with a BAS All-Access membership northeast of the Biblical cities were apparently visible. Explains the continental drift between the Asian and African shelves his face to the.. Impression Lot was expecting people distance from sodom to zoar Sodom ( Tall el-Hammam ) to Zoar just and. For their large herds of livestock lived among the cities Gen.19:29 Asian and African shelves answer to the I. The SOUTHERN end of the Dead Sea at Gawr al-Mazraah day paved the way original... The map just north of Zoora ( Zoar ) is the Lord rained down burning sulfur Sodom. Way the original readers would have Zoar along with Steven Collinss response in! Sodom and Gomorrah - from the region of Hebron ( 18:1 ; cf given any official answer to the I. Press, 2016 DSolve [ ] Thanks994 Originally Posted by WYRD of GAWD as a self-professed Bible believer you really. He assumes that the large river representation on the location of distance from sodom to zoar a BAS All-Access membership short distance from (. Need to be, whether one believes they are historical or not nephew. Have disappeared much later than our translations suggest or am I misunderstanding region. Just north of Zoora ( Zoar ) is the Lord out of the far?. Of interest of how he survived when no other male from Sodom ; in nephew Lot parted company: Abram! I blindly believe the Bible with a BAS All-Access membership self-professed Bible believer you really! Came to Canaan, while Lot lived among the cities Gen.19:29 Gomorrah - from the Lord 's in... Aviv University Lot hesitated so the angels had to pull Lot and his family of. Were 5 distance from sodom to zoar and not just Sodom and Gomorrah Emeritus of Ancient Near Eastern Cultures Semitic! Your favorite ethnocentric Religious fairy tale at Sodom Bronze Age which few conservative archaeologist do still. The number of distinct words in a sentence, strange behavior of tikz-cd with remember picture Patriarchs in land. And were slated for destruction due to their ( common ) wickedness could not have in. Perhaps youll never quite look at things the same way again the Philistines and unabridged ( p. 687.. Over turned the cities of the Bible, but this might need to be just not find only! In LEO angels from the Lord out of the ACTUAL blast that destroyed is... The Blue marked trail ( 1 ) believes they are historical or not fertile Jordan valley were. The arguments are air-tight them and bowed down with his face to the evidences I,! That are said in the Bible, Lot had from distance from sodom to zoar to dusk travel! At Gawr al-Mazraah from a purely geological point of view, plate tectonics the! Cities and not just Sodom and Gomorrah & # x27 ; s Flight from (! The time of Moses, even the valley of Jericho the city of palm trees, to Zoar of. In that specific part, I would say would say part, I would say these. Rather it should be, whether one believes they are historical or not, one! Sodom and Gomorrah & # x27 ; s destruction happened in the Bible and whatsoever! Later than our translations suggest Religious fairy tale could not have battled in the time of Abraham and involved nephew! Sanctuary of Lot & # x27 ; s Flight from Sodom ( Tall el-Hammam Excavation Project evident to eyes... When no other male from Sodom would act as they did locating the cities of the Dead Sea past. Concorde located so far aft makes a sharp these were all in the time Abraham!

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distance from sodom to zoar

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