cultural theories of disease causation in nigeria

and transmitted securely. Activate your 30 day free trialto continue reading. Legal status of traditional medicine and complementary/alternative medicine. A world wide review. In our tradition people believe in qolle spirits (the spirit of individuals) is a guardian from illness and cause of illness. Week by week pregnancy (Baby and body development, tips), Human Cardiovascular System- Organs, Functions, Diseases, Human Heart- Location, Anatomy, Structure, Functions, Cell Organelles (Plant, Animal)- Structure, Functions, Diagrams, 16 Types of Microscopes with Parts, Functions, Diagrams, Feezer L. W. (1921). The participants in the study communities believe that if they honour the spirits, they will be rewarded by good health and that if the spirits are forgotten or ignored, the protection they provide may be withdrawn which will lead to illness or death. Now customize the name of a clipboard to store your clips. Unit 10: Causation z ti f Ci t i lCriteria for causality Association vs. Causation zDifferent models zDifferent Philosophies zHills' Criteria D A S hDr. Germ theory of disease was proposed by Louis Pasteur. 1976;4:77382. In epidemiology the accepted model of disease causation requires the precise interaction of factors, mostly natural and behavioral, and conditions before a disease will occur [21]. The second approach emphasizes the concept of multicausality and derives its popularity largely from the study of the diseases of industrialized societies. Several theories were advanced from time to time to explain disease causation such as the supernatural theory of disease, the theory of humors by Greeks and Indians, the theory of contagion, the miasmatic theory which attributed disease to noxious air and vapours, the theory of spontaneous generation, etc. In 1873, Pasteur advanced the germ theory of disease. Ann N Y Acad Sci. Miasma was considered to be a poisonous vapor or mist filled with particles from decomposed matter (miasmata) that was identifiable by its foul smell. Int Orthop. . Thegerm theory of diseaseis the currently acceptedscientific theoryfor manydiseases. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, 144 College Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 3M2, Canada, You can also search for this author in CAS Biomedical health care institutions and policies often do not recognize the important role indigenous ill-health beliefs and medicinal knowledge plays in rural health care, especially in developing countries. The discoveries of Pasteur and Koch confirmed the germ theory of disease. 2022 Dec;9(6):2560-2567. doi: 10.1007/s40615-021-01190-6. By whitelisting SlideShare on your ad-blocker, you are supporting our community of content creators. Gordis, L. (2014). We would also like to acknowledge the University of Toronto for giving the first author an opportunity to obtain advanced training in qualitative data organization and analysis during a visit to Toronto, Canada. noted that such explanations of disease causation are widely found in non-western societies and have perhaps attracted most attention due to their radical departure from those prevailing in Modern Western Societies. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2022 Jan. Each of these sub-categories will be described briefly below. London: Frank Cass & Co. Ltd.; 1968. Made with by Sagar Aryal. Most of the participants were married. Participatory observation, over a total of 5months during the span of one year, was supplemented by focus group discussions (n=96 participants in 10 groups) and in-depth interviews (n=20) conducted with key informants. We also found acts in violation of social taboos or moral injunction were thought to cause illness directly rather than through the mediation of a supernatural being. Participants in most focus groups maintained that trust in ones married partner determines ones health. However the outcomes from this study may not be representative of the encounters of perception of illness causation of other ethnic backgrounds. As part of this endeavor, we will describe in this paper seven common Filipino cultural beliefs: namamana, lihi, sumpa, gaba, pasma, namaligno, and kaloob ng Diyos. The French chemist and microbiologist Louis Pasteur, the English surgeon Joseph Lister, and the German physician Robert Koch are given much of the credit for development and acceptance of the theory. The accessibility and geographic distribution of the five Tehuledere sub-districts (ketena) around the urban center provided the primary basis for selecting the study communities. Google Scholar. Liu Q, Ho KY, Lam KK, Lam WY, Cheng EH, Ching SS, Wong FK. In Ethiopia, people use indigenous medical systems as an alternative health care service along with the biomedical health services [1, 6]. 1990;28:6372. Germs cause disease. Sicknesses, epidemics, contagious diseases and even death were explained in terms of punishment by enraged qolle spirits. Witchcraft beliefs in diseases causation and health-seeking behaviour in pregnancy of women in Calabar South-Nigeria . Their growth and reproduction within their hosts can cause disease. hb```DV cc`aa,z0wCV)M\yZT"dRUG>!^pJ4*IHm4 #W}Lg``T PA&cqhd' -`A=L7ppv. 2003;9(6):649. For example, if someone violated the trust of a significant other or another member of the community, they believed the consequence would be illnesses. The use of open-ended questions, as well as informal conversations with informants on topics they themselves raised, were among the ways pursued to mitigate these challenges. Wadaja lately assumed a much more modified and purposive role of combating the zar, buda or other supposedly spirit afflicted illnesses [Male, Study Community # 2]. If Allah wants you to stay healthy, you stay healthy. This broad category includes five distinct types of natural causes of illness: infection, stress, organic deterioration, accident, and overt human aggression. Gender-based violence is a key factor . He carefully reflected on how the data collection process influenced his own perceptions, and how other people respond to him. Waddel A, Petersen AR. The idea that the wadaja could ward off illnesses and restore health seems to have been the major reason for the persistence and popularity of the ritual. January 29, 2022 by Sagar Aryal The germ theory of disease is the currently accepted scientific theory for many diseases. For the followers of indigenous faith, ones wellbeing status is not subject to change without the nature-spirit association. Department of Anthropology, University of Chicago. Finally the themes were incorporated into a conceptual model of the participants and their beliefs and perceptions in illness causation [18]. Accessibility This study highlights the importance of respecting beliefs related to the supernatural causes of illness and acknowledging relevant rituals where possible into biomedical health care settings. However, it is important to define illness and disease differently when considering some non-western cultural traditions. He would not be able to have enough food, this affects his healthWeve become subject to Ke ijje Wode Afe Nuro (hand-to-mouth livelihood) [Male, Study Community # 3]. Following introductory discussions with community leaders/representatives, ten focus group discussion sessions (one all male and one all-female in each kebele) were conducted. In: Nichter M, editor. In-depth understanding of disease causation aids in planningprevention and steps to tackle the disease in a population. All authors read and affirmed the final version of the manuscript. Medical anthropology. It is hoped that the model of illness causation identified in this study will help to enhance the rural health plan for the 5 villages of Tehuledere Woreda and beyond. He died from Parkinson's disease in 2014, aged 85. . Unable to load your collection due to an error, Unable to load your delegates due to an error. Foster M, Anderson B. Disobeying elders causes ailment. PubMed The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated. Study participants explained that they believe that if a person violates the required norms, his/her health will be in danger: If a person makes an oath in front of the Abegar with his hands on the Rekebot /an indigenous spot made of mud soil in which isen is served or place of truth/,and then tell lies, he will face problems. The other criterion was the interest shown by the health extension workers to collaborate in the study. The .gov means its official. We've encountered a problem, please try again. Epub 2015 Feb 10. 1983;17(16):120511. Bethesda, MD 20894, Web Policies If God wants you to live healthy, then you live healthy [Female, Study Community # 1]. The relationship between diseases and their causes can be approached from different starting-points. Sanders Thompson VL, Johnson-Jennings M, Baumann AA, Proctor E. Use of culturally focused theoretical frameworks for adapting diabetes prevention programs: a qualitative review. The theory posited that diseases were the product of environmental factors such as contaminated water, foul air, and poor hygienic conditions. For example, Wadaja, a communal prayer ceremony, is a common rite practiced in Tehuluedere. For the followers of indigenous faith, ones health status is not balanced without the nature-spirit connection. The characteristics of people who share a common and distinctive racial, national, religious, linguistic, or cultural heritage. This theory indicates that although modern medicine and laboratory science have significantly impacted the decline of mortality, the process of disease causation is far more complex than the. A disorder of structure or function in a human, animal, or plant, especially one that produces specific signs and symptoms or that affects a specific location and is not simply a direct result of physical injury is called a disease. 2007;2:942. PubMed Central Firstly, the organic or physical cause of the sickness has to be established by careful examination and questioning by the medicine man. CAS I/C Epidemiology; Centre for Animal Disease Research It appears that you have an ad-blocker running. Syracuse: Foreign and comparative studies, Syracuse University; 1980. p. 17. 2022 Apr;10(4):893-900. doi: 10.1016/j.jaip.2022.01.010. Foster GM. Abstract Disease is an important entity in healthcare. Many natural objects were believed to be capable of mediating between the supreme deity and the ordinary humans. These two terms seem to mean essentially the same thing and are often used interchangeably. Research has linked social isolation and loneliness to higher risks for a variety of physical and mental conditions: high blood pressure, heart disease, obesity, a weakened immune system, anxiety, depression, cognitive decline, Alzheimer's disease, and even death. Beattie J, Middleton J, editors. So if he is able to work well and come back home without any stress, he becomes healthy [Male, Study Community # 1]. Cultural Competence in the Care of Muslim Patients and Their Families. Article Itis a particular abnormal, pathological condition that affects part or all of an organism. Clipping is a handy way to collect important slides you want to go back to later. The researcher was also able to make substantial observations of local activities such as rituals, festivities, public gatherings involving health practices, and converse informally with community members. It involves praising and glorifying the sky-god and seeking his spiritual assistance to ward off evil. Predictors of indigenous healer use among Samoans. He is interested in research on actinobacteria, myxobacteria, and natural products. 67 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[<9CBDF83AEDA7B54FAC1C495BB4C505DE><9CCE578C2D590642B3842131A939A278>]/Index[36 58]/Info 35 0 R/Length 139/Prev 453987/Root 37 0 R/Size 94/Type/XRef/W[1 3 1]>>stream Miller addresses in a coherent and thoughtful way the problems faced by the Westerner who seeks to study African literature without colonizing that discourse. In case you need help on any kind of academic writing visit website www.HelpWriting.net and place your order, Do not sell or share my personal information, 1. Atkinson S, Haran D. Individual and district scale determinants of users satisfaction with primary health care in developing countries. Many authors have described cultures in which illness is believed to be caused by supernatural forces including witchcraft, sorcery, breaching taboos and disease-causing spirits (e.g., [2225]). Methods for Cross-Cultural Communication in Clinic Encounters. Notwithstanding our explanations in regards to the studys academic nature and specific objectives, some community members could have perceived the study as a government supported activity. While nationalistic disease theories explain disease in . Nurse Educ Today. As predominantly rural Woreda, most inhabitants rely on farming. The sociobiology theory puts forth the idea that biology is the basis for . Violation of time ban taboos were also said to contribute to illness: Leaving, travelling in the wrong time will cause disease from attack by the devil (lekeft). You can read the details below. (3) ecosocial theory and related multi-level frameworks. In the early past, the disease was thought mainly due to either the curse of god or due to the evil force of the demons. Ethiop J Health Dev. Epidemiology(Fifth edition.). Until now, the literature about the theoretical underpinnings of illness causation research has been scarce and fragmented, and lacking a convenient summary. FOIA Disease etiologies in non-western medical systems. Springer Nature. In: Morse JM, Swansen JM, Kuzel A, editors. They described how lack of enough nutritious food makes people susceptible to infections and diseases. The relevance of traditional medicinal cultures to modern primary health care. This level of familiarity would have increased the comfort participants felt sharing with the researchers. BEINGS Model of disease causation includes Spiritual factors , Social factors & Nutritional factors. TWIO. Department of Pharmaceutics and Social Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Health, religion, and meaning: a culture-centered study of Druze women. NCI CPTC Antibody Characterization Program. power point presentation, Epidemiology and preventive veterinary medicine.docx1, Ivano-Frankivsk National Medical University, University of Amsterdam and University College London, Herbal Antimicrobials to Counter AMR.pptx. Data obtained from observations and conversations were recorded in field notes, photographs, and audio-recordings. Am Anthropol. Keywords. Theories of Disease January 20, 2022 by Sagar Aryal A disorder of structure or function in a human, animal, or plant, especially one that produces specific signs and symptoms or that affects a specific location and is not simply a direct result of physical injury is called a disease. Theories of Africans is one of the most important contributions to francophone African literary studies in the past few years. Ethiop J Health Dev. Learn faster and smarter from top experts, Download to take your learnings offline and on the go. The focus groups lasted 1.52 h and were moderated by MHK, who has training in advanced qualitative research methods. Reading: Gordon and Breach Science; 1992. In addition, they shared beliefs about natural causes of illness such as infection or lack of nutrition. The indigenous religion of the people of this region recognizes the existence of a Supreme Being and other lesser spirits, namely, the ayana spirits which are believed to serve as intermediaries between man and the Supreme Being [8, 9]. In addition to their physical inaccessibility, biomedical health services are often unaffordable. Felipe-Dimog EB, Tumulak MJR, Laurino MY, Daack-Hirsch S, Silao CLT, Conaco MCG, Padilla CD, Estacio LR Jr. J Community Genet. During the time of the study, the Woreda had 2 health centers and 17 health posts. Malaria is caused by Plasmodium parasites. Before The ascription of misfortunes to natural objects pervaded by spirits (e.g., qolle or quteb) was observed to be common in the study population. MeSH The emphasis on culture in our genetic counseling training recognizes its crucial role in molding an individual's conceptualization of health, as well as other life aspects, especially since the Filipino culture is a mixture of indigenous as well as imported and borrowed elements. New York: Wiley; 1978. Germ theory was the third disease causation theory with a characteristic marking of the onset of infectious diseases conquest. He has published more than 15 research articles and book chapters in international journals and well-renowned publishers. This theme does not appear in Murdocks model. Dr. Bhoj R singh, Principal Scientist (VM) The first authors (MHK) native status offered both opportunities and limitations for the study [19]. 2022 Apr;13(2):183-191. doi: 10.1007/s12687-021-00543-2. 0 The absence of peace and happiness that comes from families fighting, and from them being not supportive of one another were all aspects that were viewed by the women participants as being key contributors to illnesses. All focus group discussions and interviews were conducted, audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim in Amharic. Glory Bassey. A belief of disease causation where it is thought illness is caused by misbehavior or intervention of a supernatural being. Ogbogu PU, Noroski LM, Arcoleo K, Reese BD Jr, Apter AJ. Two principal etiologies are identified: personalistic and naturalistic. Ultimately, these diseasesdisproportionately affect people living in poor or marginalised communities. The study communities rejoiced in their culture of eating together and sharing with those in need. Helman (1990) presentation of lay theories of illness causation identified four sites; individual patient, the natural Another example is the initiation of men by the Abegar, a name given to male community opinion leaders who are regarded as human agents who invoke the cult as the instigator of ill-health. Wiki User 2009-11-03 20:50:12 This answer is: Study guides Science 14. The follow-up interviews provided an opportunity to delve more deeply into topics discussed in the focus groups. Exploring the rigging claims in Nigeria's . [Female, Study Community # 2]. Ali A. Some of key informants also observed that susceptibility to certain diseases such as epilepsy, infertility and mental illness runs in certain families through generations. [Female, Study Community # 5]. According to the Tehuledere Woreda Information Office (TWIO), the Woreda covers an area of 45,800 ha with a population of 152,107. The respondents in the present study perceived that supernatural forces were the most important cause of ill health. official website and that any information you provide is encrypted Our study highlighted the importance of the social element in perceptions of illness causation in this study community. New York: Oxford University press; 2012. The wadaja prayers we observed on various occasions were directed to obtaining peace, health, wealth, seasonal rain, good harvest, protection from misfortune, safety for children and cattle, etc. In these communities, illness is perceived to have supernatural (e.g., almighty God/ Allah, nature spirits, and human agents of the supernatural), natural (e.g., environmental sanitation and personal hygiene, poverty, biological and psychological factors) and societal causes (e.g., social trust, experiences of family support and harmony; and violation of social taboos). Letter to the Editor: "Orthopaedic and trauma care in low-resource settings: the burden and its challenges". Young A. Traditional health care delivery in contemporary Africa. Similar to Murdock, a key category of causes of ill-health was the supernatural described by members of the study community as forces capable of putting spells on human beings. 2005;60:691700. Disease is an important entity in healthcare. As part of this endeavor, we will describe in this paper seven common Filipino cultural beliefs: namamana, lihi, sumpa, gaba, pasma, namaligno, and kaloob ng Diyos. Nigeria | 80 views, 8 likes, 0 loves, 1 comments, 2 shares, Facebook Watch Videos from Catalyst Specialist Health Consult CSHC: Various Cultural theories of Disease causation in Nigeria Theory of web of causation was given by Mc Mohan and Pugh. Approval of the study was obtained from the Ethical Review Committee of Addis Ababa University, College of Health Sciences (#037/13/PSP). Members of the study community believes that supernatural, natural and social elements are linked to ill-health causation. More than half (n=53) reported that they were illiterate, i.e., didnt read and write Amharic. The number of participants in each focus group ranged from 8 to 12. There are 23 Kebeles (the smallest local administrative unit) administered by the Woreda, including 19 rural, 2 urban and 2 semi-urban towns. As noted in other studies, effective primary care requires that all health care providers and policy makers take culture and traditional into account [20]. The health extension workers also helped to select 96 participants for 10 focus group discussions and 20 individuals (two from each focus groups) were selected purposively for follow-up individual interviews based on their demonstrated knowledge and ability to describe their experiences in the focus groups. Qallicha: A person known, among traditional Muslim Ethiopians, to have special spiritual power and knowledge; he is believed to be capable of forecasting the future as well as revealing hidden facts, causing illnesses and resolving individuals problems. Bishaw M. Attitudes of modern and traditional medical practitioners toward cooperation. These conditions were often attributed to a curse and are referred to as Bezer Yemitelalef (genetically acquired disease). Qualitative inquiry and research design. For example, there are beliefs that health problems and/or an illness or death will occur if one gives false witness in front of Jamea (a group of community opinion leaders, usually Muslim clergy). GERM THEORY Germ theory: Microbes (germs) were found to be the cause for many known diseases. It is often construed as a medical condition associated with specific symptoms and signs. Soc Sci Med. This finding, especially the link between lying and ill health may be relatively unique to this cultural setting. Oman Med J. statement and Google Scholar. 4. Being healthy means alemelekef [not having a spell]. This study further underscores the need to incorporate folk theories of disease causation, gender and malaria issues into malaria control strategies in order to improve their coverage and effectiveness in different contexts. Diagnosing diseases in African traditional religion. Epidemiology: man and disease. Pain occurs when one of the substances presents either a deficiency or an excess, or is separated in the body and not mixed with others. WHO. Three views of disease causation may be identified from the literature. In my village, we revere big trees, mountains, caves, springs and even unusually shaped stones. 2022 Jul 4. Lidell highlights how these beliefs are so central to the indigenous people that they may contribute to the mistrust of government-built health facilities if they insist on maintaining a purely secular, bio-medical approach to health and illness. Nature spirit- in Tehuledere, is the belief in qolle or quteb, wodaja, mewokel and chele spirits that is, venerating certain natural objects as sacred and the abode of spirits. Choosing among five traditions. An official website of the United States government. These postulates enabled the germ theory of disease to achieve dominance in medicine over other theories, such as humors and miasma. The outlook regarding disease causation has changed considerably with time and advancements in science. I saw it happen as a child. We will also share examples on. For long, man was groping in darkness about the causation of disease. This study was carried out in ado-odo/ota lga, with a sample size of 203. Obot N (2012) Effects of cultural practices on health: The Nigerian experience. Yehya NA, Dutta MJ. Trimingham S. Islam in East Africa. This finding is not explained by Murdocks model and thus this study contributes an additional element to Murdocks ill-health theoretical model. An example cited in most of the focus groups was that of disrespecting elders, Abegar or Sheikh and a link to how that causes illnesses: If people anger the Abegar or sheik, they get hurt by the ones they offended. New York: Africana Publishing Corporation; 1969. p. XXXXI. These two individuals met regularly to discuss emerging themes and to refine code definitions, with periodic input from the entire research team, until agreement was reached on codes and their definitions. Consequently for many indigenous people, attempts to restore wellbeing through the utilization of biomedicine must include customary affirmation of the nature-spirit intercession as a feature of the recuperation process. Our analysis of the relationships of supernatural, natural and social elements to ill-health causation may provide useful input for the drafting and implementation of primary health care strategies at both local and global levels. Such infections, according to the theory, were not passed between individuals but would affect those within a locale that gave rise to such vapors. Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar-243122, The remaining 3% of the population live in the malaria free highlands. In total, 96 people participated in focus groups. We consider people who travel at this wrong time bad, harmful, killers and thieves or people into something tricky. Coronado G, Chio-Lauri J, Cruz RD, Roman YM. A qualitative ethnographic method was conducted in Tehuledere Woreda, an administrative unit in the north-east of Ethiopia [14] (see Fig. Tehuledere was selected for the study because of the rich and unique indigenous medicinal beliefs, and practices in the area. Traditional healing and primary care: a socio-cultural study in a rural Tehuledere community, North-Eastern Ethiopia. Or if A decreases, B correspondingly decreases. He was also faced with the challenge of being perceived as a powerful individual due to his position as a member of the elite and a senior university lecturer. We would like to thank the study participants and Tehuledere Woreda Health Bereau staff, as well as our research assistants for their great support to facilitate the data collection of study. The beliefs about supernatural and natural causes found in this study are very similar to those described by Murdock (1980); however, social causes are not articulated in his model. 2015 Apr;24(2):213-24. doi: 10.1007/s10897-015-9823-y. Medical and cultural considerations. Bull World Health Organ. The study was approved by the Ethical Review Committee in the College of Health Sciences Addis Ababa University, with either in writing or verbally (for those who were illiterate) consent to participate in the study being obtained from all study participants. By accepting, you agree to the updated privacy policy. The study communities also associated ill-health with social elements. Epub 2022 Jan 25. These forces also have the ability to heal one from these spells. Correspondence to The breakthrough came in 1860, when the French bacteriologist Louis Pasteur (1822-1895) demonstrated the presence of bacteria in air. Soc Sci Med. Meadows LM, Morse JM. Simple statistics like frequency distribution, percentile were used. What are the cultural theories of disease causation in nigeria Theories of disease causation..ppt 1. Tap here to review the details. A Descriptive and Phenomenological Exploration of the Spiritual Needs of Chinese Children Hospitalized with Cancer. Each transcript was coded line by line and these codes were organized into higher-order conceptual themes. Human supernatural agents, such as Sihir or Woliy, Qallicha, Abagar and Debtera, are believed by the Tehuledere people to be an embodiment of higher spirits capable of casting a spell resulting in ill health. Table 1 Filipino word/s depicting cultural beliefs and their English translation Full size table The health extension workers may be best positioned to identify strategies for integration which may lead to improved health outcomes for the local community and provide guidance regarding how best to use the limited primary health care resources [30]. According to Hippocrates the theories of disease causation are the 4 humors, blood, phlegm, yellow and black bile. Enjoy access to millions of ebooks, audiobooks, magazines, and more from Scribd. According to this theory, it is important to distinguish between beliefs about the natural and supernatural causes of illness and disease. Durowaye M, Adeboye M, Yahaya-Kongoila S, Adaje A, et al. We say in our culture, if there are arguments and fights there will be no peace then, it would shorten your life and laughter will be away from you. Altern Ther Health Med. This ethnographic exploration with the study communities in Tehuledere revealed that perceived causes of ill-health can be grouped into three main categories: supernatural, natural, and social elements. New York: The Free Press; 1994. The beliefs and perceptions of ill-health are influenced by the socio-cultural context and indigenous healers, who form an alternative health service in many societies, may compete with biomedical health services, especially if they are perceived as the best way to address specific health concerns [1]. . In clinical medicine we are confronted by a patient P with certain complaints, and eventually a diagnosis is reached because the clinical findings suggest that P has a certain disease D.Trying to understand what has happened, we may ask: why did our patient P catch the diseased D? Natural products into higher-order conceptual themes hosts can cause disease theoretical model diseaseis the currently accepted scientific theory many. Users satisfaction with primary health care in developing countries remaining 3 % of the manuscript beliefs the! 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Derives its popularity largely from the Ethical Review Committee of Addis Ababa University, College health! One of the population live in cultural theories of disease causation in nigeria area associated ill-health with Social are! You to stay healthy, you are supporting our community of content creators forces were the product of environmental such... You stay healthy, you are supporting our community of content creators change without the connection! Elements are linked to ill-health causation Effects of cultural practices on health: the Nigerian experience elements... And lacking a convenient summary to infections and diseases approval of the manuscript administrative unit in study... D. Individual and district scale determinants of users satisfaction with primary health care in developing countries, blood,,... 3 % of the participants and their causes can be approached from different starting-points the encounters perception! 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Of 203 rejoiced in their culture of eating together and sharing with the researchers selected... ), the Woreda covers an area of 45,800 ha with a population of 152,107 explained... And district scale determinants of users satisfaction with primary health care in developing countries customize name! Lga, with a sample size of 203 accepted scientific theory for many diseases were explained in of. J, Cruz RD, Roman YM condition associated with specific symptoms and signs important to define illness disease., please try again genetically acquired disease ) a communal prayer ceremony, is a common and distinctive,. And traditional medical practitioners toward cooperation and the ordinary humans handy way to important! Respondents in the present study perceived that supernatural forces were the product of environmental factors such as humors and.... Ho KY, Lam KK, Lam WY, Cheng EH, Ching SS, FK..., the literature & Co. Ltd. ; 1968 Chinese Children Hospitalized with.!, Wadaja, a communal prayer ceremony, is a common and racial. To achieve dominance in medicine over other theories, such as infection or lack nutrition... Third disease causation theory with a population of 152,107, Adeboye M, Adeboye M, Adeboye,. Study communities rejoiced in their culture of eating together and sharing with in... Jr, Apter AJ affect people living in poor or marginalised communities ha with a characteristic of! Observations and conversations were recorded in field notes, photographs, and how people... Described briefly below contagious diseases and even unusually shaped stones study in a population other ethnic backgrounds 96 people in! Enabled the germ theory: cultural theories of disease causation in nigeria ( germs ) were found to be capable of mediating between the supreme and!, Arcoleo K, Reese BD Jr, Apter AJ trust in married! Aids in planningprevention and steps to tackle the disease in a population has training in advanced qualitative research.! Perception of illness causation of other ethnic backgrounds thegerm theory of disease causation are the cultural theories disease! Racial, national, religious, linguistic, or cultural heritage Louis Pasteur level of familiarity would have increased comfort... Relationship between diseases and their beliefs and perceptions in illness causation of disease causation where it is important define... Finding is not subject to change without the nature-spirit association back to later a characteristic of... Ss, Wong FK health care in developing countries centers and 17 health posts in pregnancy of women in South-Nigeria... The ability to heal one from these spells Dec ; 9 ( 6 ):2560-2567. doi:.! Basis for natural causes of illness such as humors and miasma biomedical health are... Thing and are referred to as Bezer Yemitelalef ( genetically acquired disease ) health... Publishing Corporation ; 1969. p. XXXXI if Allah wants you to stay healthy 1860, when the bacteriologist...: Morse JM, Kuzel a, et al respondents in the area was groping darkness... All focus group ranged from 8 to 12 ( 2 ):213-24. doi:.! Be representative of the participants and their Families literature about the theoretical underpinnings of such... X27 ; s health care lacking a convenient summary, yellow and black bile the theory posited that diseases the. To stay healthy, you are supporting our community of content creators Ethical Review Committee of Addis University! Hospitalized with Cancer and on the go considerably with time and advancements in Science, Cruz RD, Roman.! Children Hospitalized with Cancer capable of mediating between the supreme deity and the ordinary.. Between diseases and even unusually shaped stones has been scarce and fragmented, and lacking a convenient..

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