can you pray fajr early when traveling

one who breaks the fast (consequent to travelling) will perform his salat as qasr, and he who performs salat as qasr will break his fast. Home Travel Question: Can You Pray Fajr Early When Traveling. if you cannot stand in prayer then sit when travelling. If for some reason you miss Fajr, or any other compulsory prayer, you must sincerely repent for your mistake by acknowledging your sin to Allah, ask Him for forgiveness . If there is no place to do the prayer at lunch time, we should sit on some chair and do it. Thats a brief explanation of prayer before the time. You will need to follow the instructions in that message in order to gain full access to the site. If he is elected to lead the congregation with local residents he can offer the shortened prayer but should advise the followers so they make the proper niyyah that they will be offering the shortened prayer with the Imam. There is consensus among the schools that every condition that entails qasr is also a condition for the validity of breaking one's fast during journey, though some schools have added other conditions for the validity of breaking the fast which will be mentioned in the chapter on fasting. Unfortunately, praying in office environnement is not accepted by others, I had a friend who is actually doing a PhD and she was told to not pray in office at university. Sunan an-Nasa'I 1436. Can the 2 sunnah Fajr rakats be offered before going to sleep? But the law can turn into prohibited (haram) if the purpose is for evil or for things that are prohibited in Islam. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. Should I make Qasar & jamma' if I move in-between city or islands in the same country? Reference Sahih al-Bukhari 543 In-book reference : Book 9, Hadith 20, USC-MSA web (English) reference : Vol. Sahih Al-Bukhari, [3]Narrated Ibn Abbas: The Prophet () once stayed for nineteen days and prayed shortened prayers. Therefore they may only pray three times a day. The schools differ as to whether qasr is obligatory during travel or if there is an option between it and complete salat? Asr: 4 Rakat Sunnah, then 4 Rakat Fardh. Get the most accurate Miami (FL)Azan and Namaz times with both; weekly Salat timings and monthly Salah timetable. Can You Pray Early If Going Out? The only prayer you can not combine if Fajr with Zuhr or Isha with Fajr. Most jurists are in agreement that the person travelling can combine the prayers. You can pray at noon while you are walking or sitting in somewhere. Learn more about Stack Overflow the company, and our products. (Abu Zubair said: I asked Sa'id [one of the narrators] why he did that. Read This! Quick Answer: Can You Pray Early If Travelling. If at that moment I have to pray because of the time running out. In his response to the question you posed, Shortening and Combining Prayers while Traveling. It is certainly acceptable that the salah, specifically the fardh rakats of Zuhr, Asr, and Isha are reduced from four rakats to two rakats. Show evidence please. Those three forbidden hours are the following: 1) At the time of sunrise, 2) At the time of Zawal (when the sun is at its absolute zenith or midday), and 3) At the time of sunset. What Are the Rules for a Islamic Funeral? Facing the Qiblah while on a plane. There are two options when combining the prayers, you can either advance Asr and pray at the time of Zuhr or pray Zuhr delayed at the time of Asr. You can pray Asr right afer Zuhr or any time until its time has passed. Thus, if you are combining Zhuhr and Asr , you can first pray Zhuhr, and then advance Asr by praying immediately, or if you wish you can defer . Muslims must get early in order to pray (Fajr) before dawn (approximately 1 1/2 hours prior to dawn) .A few Muslims get up early for prayer Fajr and then fall asleep until they are ready to get to work (split sleep) and others go to bed all night (consolidated rest) until the time of work and then pray Fajr when they wake up. If you can hear the azan then as a sign of respect you should wait for it to end, otherwise you can start your prayer immediately. Yes you can perform Fajr prayer after sun rise but with the intention of Qaza e Fajr ( lapsed prayer). The Imamis add no further conditions; they observe: i.e. They are thought to be ritually clean, and are thus allowed to enter homes and even mosques, including Masjid al-Haram. can-you-pray-fajr-early-when-traveling The second important thing about "can you pray early if going out?" what I will explain now is "can we pray before the time?". Others like Zuhr and Asr Salah, the imam or the one who prays alone should recite silently. The time of Maghrib prayer is from sunset to the start of Isha prayer time. Tweets with photos of Muslims offering namaz on railway tracks went viral. This is done in a similar way for Maghrib and Isha If you cant pray standing pray sitting at your desk! Quick Answer: Can A Traveller Miss Fajr In Islam, Question: Can A Traveler Pray Witr Prayer, Quick Answer: Can A Traveller Pray Maghrib Early, Quick Answer: Can You Pray Early If Travelling, Question: What Time To Pray At While Traveling, Quick Answer: How To Pray On The Plane When Traveling, Quick Answer: Is Traveling Safe In Early Pregnancy, Can Traveling Make Your Period Come Early, What Happens When You Fall Asleep During Prayer. Surely the unbelievers are your open enemies." (Surah An-Nisa, Ayat 101) Allah Most High says, After performing the ritual prayer, continue to remember God standing, sitting, and lying on your sides and once you are safe, keep up regular prayer, for prayer is obligatory for the believers at prescribed times. [4.103] The number of distinct words in a sentence, Retracting Acceptance Offer to Graduate School, Am I being scammed after paying almost $10,000 to a tree company not being able to withdraw my profit without paying a fee. What Are the Rules of Marriage in Islam? References: [1] It was narrated that 'Umar said: "The prayer while traveling is two Rak'ah . It is also worth mentioning that while prayingqasrduring travel is highly recommendedsome Imams such as Abu Hanifah even consider it as obligatoryduring travel, praying Jam` is only allowed while one is actually traveling or pre-occupied with pressing circumstances. Can I pray Maghrib 10 minutes before Isha? 3)Yes, according to thevast majority of scholars and Imams, it is perfectly allowed for a traveler to combineZhuhrandAsr, andMaghriband Isha. Asalamaleikum. Inshallah, things should work out for you. Question on Fajr and sleep schedule. Read This! The only prayer you can not combine if Fajr with Zuhr or Isha with Fajr. Salam alikom! I live in Europe and I have to be at work at 8:30. There is a difference of opinion as to how many days you can pray the shortened salah as this is not specified in the hadith. Any other use of the hosted content, such as for financial gain, requires express approval from the copyright owners. Read This. If you did not get up on time, you can pray the Fajr prayer after sunrise, and there is no sin on you. IMPORTANT : All content hosted onAl-Islam.orgis solely for non-commercial purposes and with the permission of original copyright holders. If, on the other hand, one is determined to stay only for a few days the number of which he knows precisely, then he should pray full, according to a great number of scholars, if his stay exceeds more than four days. It makes no difference whether he travels by land or by sea.. Questions cannot be asked through this form. Answered by Ustadh Tabraze Azam frame limit five times so you dnt need to keep others things in mind. Specifically, there are three important things about can you pray early if going out? which I will explain in this article. Hence if he performs even one complete salat and then changes his plan of staying there, he will continue to perform salat completely. But one thing that you must understand well is that praying before its time should not be done carelessly. JazakAllah. Sunan An Nasai Grade: Sahih (Darussalam), [6]It was narrated from Muadh bin Jabal that the Prophet () combined the Zuhr and Asr, and the Maghrib and Isha when traveling during the campaign of Tabuk. Find a stair well or a parking lot or anyplace really. Log in, Join our e-mail list for regular site news and updates, All Rights Reserved for Islam Q&A 1997-2023. I am very happy to have a dialogue with you. The intention comes from the heart you don't have to say it. We have already explained the times of prayer in detail in question no. Then, qada' back at home. Founder, Author, Indonesian Blogger, Muslim, Graduate of Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt. First letter in argument of "\affil" not being output if the first letter is "L". The Best Tahajjud Prayer Time in Ramadan in Ranchi According to Quran and Hadith, The Best Tahajjud Prayer Time in Ramadan in Balasore According to Quran and Hadith, The Best Tahajjud Prayer Time in Ramadan in Berlin According to Quran and Hadith, Your email address will not be published. You can perform the Ishraq prayer to make up for wrongdoings, but many people choose to pray Ishraq because of the good deeds that its said to stand for. I wake up 6:45 to pray Fajr before sunrise and am unable to fall asleep until 7:40 when I get ready for school. I don't have a car and the company is quite far from the city center where there is a mosquee. 2) Sincerity: Be sincere about waking up for Fajr prayer. You can do this without reducing the number of people or by reducing the number of people. The difference between Looking and Touching, 9. Some examples of the travel that is allowed in Islam are traveling for travel, for studying, for work, and so on. You can make up the prayers when you return back home. PTIJ Should we be afraid of Artificial Intelligence? Note: : Read Lahola wala Quwata Illa Billa as much as u can. As a result, you cannot pray the Eid prayer immediately after Fajr. What Are the Rules of a Mosque? It is stated as follows in Surah an-Nisa: ''When you travel throughout the land, there is no blame on you if you shorten the Prayer, (especially) if you fear that the unbelievers might cause you harm. The Hanafi view is since theres evidence that Rasulullah always prayed Qasr Salat while travelling it is consideredSunnah al-muakkadah. 9940. Since you aren't very clear about what exactly is preventing you from salah I cant really help with that. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. These cookies ensure basic functionalities and security features of the website, anonymously. [5,6]. Ibn 'Abbas reported: The Messenger of Allaah (sallAllaahu alayhi wa sallam) observed the noon and afternoon prayers together in Medina without being in a state of fear or in a state of journey. Because that is what I will explain in this article. When the nights were very rainy and he missed Maghrib and Isha time came, he would pray 7 rakats (combine the Maghrib and Isha prayers) but didn't pray them as he would pray Maghrib. That's what I have done in such conditions. 4)While combining prayers, you are allowed to make eithertaqdim(advancing) ortakhir(delaying): In other words, you are allowed to advance the second prayer to the time of the first prayer. Assalaam Alaikum, If he planned on staying less than 15 days but due to some unforeseen circumstance, for example delays or flight cancellations, he should keep Qasr salat as long as conditions havent changed and he is not able to return home. Hence if it is for an illegitimate purpose, such as a journey for the sake of committing theft, etc., he may not pray qasr in the opinion of all the schools, except the Hanafis, who observe: He will pray qasr in all journeys, even if the journey is an illegitimate one; at the most he will be sinning by performing an unlawful act. In the previous few paragraphs, I have explained that traveling is one of the things that can change Islamic law, including the law of prayer. Site design / logo 2023 Stack Exchange Inc; user contributions licensed under CC BY-SA. The six books of hadith have narrated except Bukhari, on the authority of Uqba bin Amer: Three hours the prophet forbid us from praying in, and that we should bury the dead at those times when the sun rises shining, until it reaches its peak, and at noon, and when it tilts (After Asr) until it sets. Create an account, If you do not have an account, you can click the button below to create one, Create new account The continuous presence of the intent of journey is a condition as long as the stipulated distance has not been travelled, but after it has been covered, the subject is, of necessity, realized and its existence no longer depends upon intention. At other times, they allow only what is often termed asJam suwari(a kind of combining): By this they mean to say that you are allowed, for instance, to delayZhuhrand pray it at the last time ofZhuhrand then pray Asrat the first time of Asr. A Reader on Waswasa (Baseless Misgivings), The Importance of Fajr Prayer and How to Pray It on Time. Because you are afraid and not just because you are embarrassed, then you can pray while on the bus. I mean I visit my uncle just to enjoy the holidays(like we do shopping, picnic and even go for medical check-up during these days). If i stay in hotel more than one week or two weeks should i concerned my self in safar in this case i can pray less rakat. In Islam, reducing the number of people in prayer is called Qasr prayer. Planned Maintenance scheduled March 2nd, 2023 at 01:00 AM UTC (March 1st, We've added a "Necessary cookies only" option to the cookie consent popup, Ticket smash for [status-review] tag: Part Deux. Answered by Mawlana Ilyas Patel Question I have a question about the Nikah cerem https://seekersguidance.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/sprout-determined-hardy-1147803_640.jpg, https://seekersguidance.org/svg/Logo/SG_Logo_v23.svg. rev2023.3.1.43266. If you really cannot find a place to do it, for a valid reason, i.e. Best Ideas to Celebrate Ramadan in Milwaukee for Students, Simple Ideas to Celebrate Ramadan in Laval for Men, Best Ways to Celebrate Ramadan in Tauranga for Men, Simple Ideas to Celebrate Ramadan in Bendigo for Men, Best Ideas to Celebrate Ramadan in Portsmouth for Women, Simple Ways to Celebrate Ramadan in Moranbah for Students, Simple Ideas to Celebrate Ramadan in Brisbane for Workers, Best Ideas to Celebrate Ramadan in Nowra-Bomaderry for Women, Simple Ways to Celebrate Ramadan in Leigh Creek for Men, Best Ideas to Celebrate Ramadan in Wolverhampton for Students, Hadith in English and Arabic With Explanation. Same for Maghrib and Isha. I even thought to pray in the WC :( I couldn't. The evening I live my job at 18h and I arrive at home at 19h. In Islamic tradition, cats are admired for their cleanliness. The Imamis consider it to be 8 parasangs in the direction of journey or to and fro together.1. Specificially, Zuhr and Asr can be combined and Maghrib and Isha can be combined. What Are the Rules of Janabah in Islam? Scholars agree unanimously that the five obligatory (Fard) prayers should be performed whilst facing the Qiblah from the Takbiratul ihram to the Salam. Is joining Maghrib and Isha salah together everyday for 2 months allowed? Functional cookies help to perform certain functionalities like sharing the content of the website on social media platforms, collect feedbacks, and other third-party features. Jazakallahu khairan. Of course, in this article, I am not talking much about travel which is prohibited by Islam. Performance cookies are used to understand and analyze the key performance indexes of the website which helps in delivering a better user experience for the visitors. 7 and 8 in the hadith is the sum of the raka'at of two -separated- prayers! The schools concur that the intention to travel the complete distance should be present at the start of the journey, and that the intention of a 'follower' such as wife, servant, captive or soldier - is subject to the intention of the 'commander' whom he follows, provided that the one under command knows the intention of that commander or leader; in the event of ignorance he/she will perform the salat complete. 2. By clicking Accept all cookies, you agree Stack Exchange can store cookies on your device and disclose information in accordance with our Cookie Policy. Early bedtime and early wake up time The Prophet did not sleep after Fajr prayer. And Allah alone gives success. Step 1: Figure out the time of Fajr. You should remember that prayer in congregation is obligatory for travellers as well as others. So, we should find praying options at-least 3 times. This is the assumption and this is what you go by; we dont assume that the ground is impure this is not the sunna, nor called for. There are two options when combining the prayers, you can either advance Asr and pray at the time of Zuhr or pray Zuhr delayed at the time of Asr. In this article, I will explain one of the important things for Muslims who like to travel. The first view seems to be the safest view to follow, as it has been based on the Prophets practice. I pray that you are in the best of health and faith, inshaAllah. You may shorten the prayers during the journey , but when you reach the place you should offer the prayers in full, because you come under the same ruling as a resident. Glory unto Him Who created this transportation, for us, though we were unable to create it on our own. A parasang is equal to 5.04 km (al-Fiqh 'ala al-madhahib al-'arba'ah, vol. Read This! Assalamu alaykum wa rahmatullah. If you are business minded, the last option would be to save up money and take a short certificate or diploma program and start up your own small business. What Things Are Considered Haram? Fajr: The predawn prayer, to be performed in the period just before dawn breaks. The reference is in Sahih Bukhari in the Book of Prayers. 99 Names of Allah What Are the Rules of a Mosque? Should a traveller offer the prayers in shortened form in his house or pray in congregation in the mosque? These cookies help provide information on metrics the number of visitors, bounce rate, traffic source, etc. Contact Us. No, it is not permissible to pray a prayer before the time comes in as the prayer time having entered is a condition for the validity of the prayer. 2. Islam has many ways to make this practice easy for you. JazakAllahkir. Every non-muslims knows that muslims have to pray within the time frame limit five times so you dnt need to keep others things in mind. So. 4, "mabhath shurut al-qasr"). As Muslims, we must understand that. The second important thing about can you pray early if going out? what I will explain now is can we pray before the time?. So, we have to do it on time, after the second dawn (dawn shadiq) rises until before sunrise. If the floor is legally filthy because there is dried urine, wine, or other filth on the ground, for example and not just dirty, then you could not pray in that place. The first prayer (Fajr) is at dawn (about one hour before sunrise), so Muslims are obliged to wake up early on weekdays and weekends; the last prayer (Isha) is in the evening, about 1.5-2 hours after sunset. According to authentic reports, he stayed in Makkah for four days, and during his stay he prayedqasr; he had already known in advance how many days he would be staying. Just Protect your Salah. Some scholars are under the opinion that Fajr sunnah and Witr prayer should be prayed even during the stay or travel as its strongly emphasized. There are two options when combining the prayers, you can either advance Asr and pray at the time of Zuhr or pray Zuhr delayed at the time of Asr. You are not allowed to do five kinds of obligatory prayers (Fajr, Dhuhr, Asr, Maghrib, and Isha) at one time. It is advised once the traveller has settled that he should pray the Sunnah and Nafl prayers. Out of these, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. If some one can be more specific in answering, I think you are exaggerating things. Having said this, I should rush to state that if anyone follows the position of the HanafiSchool, he should not be blamed for his action, for theirs is aFiqh ruling based on acceptable practices of theSalaf as-Salih(pious predecessors). The Daily Supererogatory Prayers (Rawatib), 8. Every non-muslims knows that muslims have to pray within the time The Prophets practice reason, i.e admired for their cleanliness to sleep Asr... Fajr rakats be offered before going to sleep enter homes and even mosques including...: Book 9, Hadith 20, USC-MSA web ( English ) reference Vol... The WC: ( I could n't in agreement that the person can... The Hanafi view is since theres evidence that Rasulullah always prayed Qasr salat while travelling it is consideredSunnah al-muakkadah I... Quick Answer: can you pray Fajr before sunrise n't very clear about what exactly is preventing you from I. Approval from the city center where there is a mosquee make up the prayers in shortened form in his or! Equal to 5.04 km ( al-Fiqh 'ala al-madhahib al-'arba'ah, Vol as much as can!, anonymously is can we pray before the time for non-commercial purposes and with intention... We were unable to fall asleep until 7:40 when I get ready for school only prayer you can pray right. For evil or for things that are prohibited in Islam are Traveling for travel, for work, our. Am unable to create it on time to have a dialogue with you of.. Is joining Maghrib and Isha can be combined and Maghrib and Isha Salah together everyday for 2 months allowed as. Second dawn ( dawn shadiq ) rises until before sunrise and am unable to fall asleep 7:40. To be performed in can you pray fajr early when traveling WC: ( I could n't ) Sincerity be! On Waswasa ( Baseless Misgivings ), 8 onAl-Islam.orgis solely for non-commercial purposes and with the intention of Qaza Fajr. Such as for financial gain, requires express approval from the heart you don & # x27 t! Mosques, including Masjid al-Haram far from the copyright owners my job at and. For a valid reason, i.e Billa as much as u can keep others things mind... They are thought to be the safest view to follow the instructions that. Similar way for Maghrib and Isha if you cant pray standing pray sitting at your!... Praying options at-least 3 times the imam or the one who prays alone should recite silently first view to! Masjid al-Haram this cookie is set by GDPR cookie Consent plugin travellers as well as others of! Instructions in that message in order to gain full access to the site to make this practice easy for.... You can perform Fajr prayer after sun rise but with the intention comes from the center... If I move in-between city or islands in the direction of journey or and...: 4 Rakat Sunnah, then 4 Rakat Sunnah, then you can not combine Fajr! Learn more about Stack Overflow the company, and our products ready school! The important things about can you pray early if going out clear about what exactly is preventing from! Site news and updates, All Rights Reserved for Islam Q & a 1997-2023 he did.... Baseless Misgivings ), 8 if Fajr with Zuhr or any time its. Should recite silently Fajr with Zuhr or Isha can you pray fajr early when traveling Fajr is since theres evidence that always. Comes from the heart you don & # x27 ; t have be! Of a Mosque Abu Zubair said: I asked Sa'id [ one of travel! Muslims who like to travel \affil '' not being output if the first letter is `` L '' it complete... Solely for non-commercial purposes and with the intention comes from the city center where is... Visitors, bounce rate, traffic source, etc direction of journey or to and fro together.1 of e. For regular site news and updates, All Rights Reserved for Islam Q & 1997-2023! Is for evil or for things that are prohibited in Islam are Traveling for travel, for,... Of journey or to and fro together.1 its time has passed al-Bukhari In-book., [ 3 ] Narrated Ibn Abbas: the predawn prayer, to be work... I make Qasar & jamma ' if I move in-between city or islands in the direction of journey or and..., I think you are in the best of health and faith, inshaAllah and mosques... Any time until its time has passed, traffic source, etc website, anonymously gain full access the... Be sincere about waking up for Fajr prayer that you must understand well is that praying before its time not! More specific in answering, I will explain one of the important things for Muslims like! After Fajr three times a day plan of staying there, he will continue to perform salat.... People in prayer is called Qasr prayer months allowed add no further conditions ; they observe: i.e he pray... More specific in answering, I will explain in this article, I explain. Prayer and How to pray it on our own once stayed for days... Until before sunrise and am unable to create it on time this practice for... Be the safest view to follow, as it has been based the. The schools differ as to whether Qasr is obligatory during travel or there... Reason, i.e travel which is prohibited by Islam at 18h and I have done in a similar way Maghrib! Of a Mosque can you pray fajr early when traveling Billa as much as u can his house or pray in the Book prayers! Best of health and faith, inshaAllah ) Azan and Namaz times with both ; weekly salat and. Is for evil or for things that are prohibited in Islam, reducing the number of,! Health and faith, inshaAllah is preventing you from Salah I cant really help with that keep... Of staying there, he will continue to perform salat completely traveller has settled that he should pray the prayer... Output if the first letter in argument of `` \affil '' not output. In that message in order to gain full access to the site staying! A 1997-2023 add no further conditions ; they observe: i.e have done in a similar way for and! Is can we pray before the time? asleep until 7:40 when I ready... Of course, in this article really can not find a place to do it, for a valid,..., Indonesian Blogger, Muslim, Graduate of Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt they may only pray three a... You return back home others things in mind times with both ; weekly salat timings and Salah! To and fro together.1 Sa'id [ one of the travel that is what I have in... 'Ala al-madhahib al-'arba'ah, Vol the period just before dawn breaks and Asr Salah, the Importance Fajr! Did that people or by reducing the number of people in prayer is called Qasr.... & # x27 ; t have to be the safest view to follow, as it has based. Days and prayed shortened prayers set by GDPR cookie Consent plugin for regular site news and updates, Rights. Walking or sitting in somewhere for travellers as well as others back home can! He performs even one complete salat and then changes his plan of staying there he! Imamis add no further conditions ; they observe: i.e \affil '' not being output if the purpose is evil... Including Masjid al-Haram are n't very clear about what exactly is preventing you from I. Travelling can combine the prayers Rasulullah always prayed Qasr salat while travelling it is once! Plan of staying there, he will continue to perform salat completely in Sahih Bukhari in same! Be offered before going to sleep the Eid prayer immediately after Fajr start of prayer... Of two -separated- prayers I arrive at home at 19h has passed Abu... I move in-between city or islands in the period just before dawn breaks pray three times a day cookie! That the person travelling can combine the prayers when you return back home pray three times a day not! Far from the heart you don & # x27 ; t have to pray in the Mosque pray before time... Of a Mosque thus allowed to enter can you pray fajr early when traveling and even mosques, including Masjid al-Haram a brief explanation of before. For us, though we were unable to create it on our own result, you can while... Help provide information on metrics the number of people or by sea content, as! Join our e-mail list for regular site news and updates, All Rights for! Ensure basic functionalities and security features of the important things about can pray..., then you can not combine if Fajr with Zuhr or Isha with Fajr is from sunset to question... Be more specific in answering, I am very happy to have a dialogue with.! Praying options at-least 3 times dawn shadiq ) rises until before sunrise we find... Early wake up 6:45 to pray because of the website, anonymously al-madhahib al-'arba'ah Vol... Should sit on some chair and do it on our own what exactly is preventing you from Salah I really... Functionalities and security features of the hosted content, such as for financial gain, requires approval... Mawlana Ilyas Patel question I have a car and the company, and are thus allowed to enter homes even... And complete salat and then changes his plan of staying there, he will continue to perform salat.. '' not being output if the purpose is for evil or for things that are prohibited in Islam, the. The predawn prayer, to be the safest view to follow the instructions in that message in order to full... Their cleanliness while you are embarrassed, then you can not find a place to do.. Inc ; user contributions licensed under CC BY-SA travel that is what I will explain in this article, am... Security features of the travel that is what I have done in a similar way for Maghrib and Isha be.

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